Meraki Mx Client Vpn

Posted on 30-04-2021 by admin

This document is a guide for administrators and users while troubleshooting client VPN issues. Use this document to identify and resolve client VPN issues faster. This article also outlines troubleshooting methods for client VPNconnectivity issues, primarily for Windows-based clients, including a list of common errors as well as some common issues and solutions for accessing resources over client VPN. For configuring client VPN on OS devices, please refer to our Client VPN OS Configuration documentation.

The Meraki Client VPN RADIUS instructions support push, phone call, or passcode authentication for desktop and mobile client connections that use SSL encryption. This configuration does not feature the interactive Duo Prompt for web-based logins. I created instance with meraki vmx. Add it public ip and private ip. Configure client vpn. After user connect to Client VPN on vMX his cant resolve any sites like google.com. In AWS VPC - Route Table. I told that 0.0.0.0/0 need use gateway. But maybe i didn't something with the route?

No Users Can Connect:

Is the MX online?

Ensure your MX is online and accessible over the internet. You can verify internet connectivity using the Ping appliance button on the Tools tab of the appliance status page. Mac os x zsh.
(Security & SD-WAN > Appliance status > Tools > Ping appliance)

Incorrect MX IP address is specified

Consider enabling Dynamic DNS and using the hostname (e.g. '.com') rather than the MX IP address for connecting to the VPN. You can find your MX hostname on the Security & SD-WAN >Appliance status page.

If you are using an IP address to connect, verify that you’re attempting to reach the MX at the correct IP address. You can verify the MX IP address by going to the Security & SD-WAN > Appliance status page in the dashboard.

If you have two uplink connections, when the uplink fails over from primary to secondary, the MX IP address may change, which would cause the MX VPN connection to no longer work if configured to use the primary MX IP address.

UpstreamNAT/firewall issueontheMX side
If your MX is behind a NAT device (e.g. an upstream router or ISP modem), the MX uplink IP will most likely have a private IP from 172.16.X.X or 192.168.X.X or 10.X.X.X subnet range. Ensure UDP traffic on ports 500 and 4500 is being forwarded to the private uplink IP address of the MX. Also, verify if there are any firewalls blocking UDP traffic on ports 500 or 4500.

Take a packet capture on the WAN interface of the MX and confirm that traffic from the public IP of the VPN client and UDP port 500 and 4500 traffic is reaching the MX.
Authentication issue
If you are receiving authentication errors, reverify the username, password, and shared secret. Try a different authentication method other than the one you are using, like Meraki Cloud Authentication, RADIUS, or Active Directory. Refer to this KB if you are unable to connect with any of the authentication methods.

Shared secret mismatch
If you are not sure what the shared secret is, retrieve it using Show secret on the dashboard Client VPN page. VPNs require the shared secret to match on the VPN server and client before tunnels can be established. Try changing your shared secret to eliminate the shared secret issue.

Encryption method

Client VPN uses the L2TP/IP protocol, with 3DES and SHA1 respectively as the encryption and hashing algorithms. As a best practice, the shared secret should not contain any special characters at the beginning or end.

Some Users Can Connect:

Windows

VPN adaptor configurations/Windows update

A frequently seen issue is the VPN adaptor settings changing after a Windows update. If your VPN was working and has stopped connecting, check for bidirectional traffic between the VPN client and MX by taking a packet capture. If you see bidirectional traffic and are still unable to connect, review the VPN configuration settings. Please use this KB to verify or reconfigure your Windows VPN settings. Meraki is working on a long-term solution for this issue. You can also explore the Systems Manager Sentry option, which refreshes your VPN settings periodically to ensure your adaptor settings align with configurations on the VPN server.

Note: If your Windows device is failing to connect to the VPN, it is recommended that you verify the VPN configuration on your device to ensure it matches the Client VPN OS Configuration requirements.

Common Windows errors 789, 691, 809, 720, etc.

If a client VPN connection is failing to establish from a Windows device, but no error message appears on the screen, the Event Viewer can be used to find an error code associated with the failed connection attempt:

Step 1. Press the Windows key and type 'Event Viewer,' then click on Event Viewer in the search results.

Step 2. In Event Viewer, navigate to Windows Logs > Application.

Step 3. A client VPN connection failure should show up as an Error event type. Clicking on the event will show the associated error code.

Microsoft's knowledge base article lists error codes and their meanings however, some of the more frequently seen error codes are listed here:

Windows Error 789

Example event log entries:

This issue may also result in no event log messages if the client's traffic doesn't successfully reach the MX's WAN interface.

Possible causes and solutions:

Incorrect secret key (preshared key in Windows)

Solution: Ensure that the shared secret is configured correctly on the client machine. It must match between the MX and the client. More information about setting the shared secret can be found in the links at the top of the page.

Firewall blocking VPN traffic to MX

Solution: Ensure UDP ports 500 (IKE) and 4500 (IPsec NAT-T) are being forwarded to the MX and not blocked. If traffic cannot reach the MX on these ports, the connection will time out and fail.

IKE and AuthIP IPsec keying modules disabled (Windows only)

Solution: This occurs most often when third-party VPN software has been installed and disables the IKEEXT service. This can be reenabled by navigating in Windows to Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Services. Find the service named 'IKE and AuthIP IPsec Keying Modules' and open it. Change the Startup type to 'Automatic.' If this automatically reverts to 'Disabled' or fails to start, it may be necessary to remove the third-party VPN software.

Windows Error 691

Example event log entries:

Possible causes and solutions:

Invalid user credentials

Solution: Confirm user credentials are correct. When using Meraki authentication, usernames should be in email format (ex. user@example.com). When using AD or RADIUS authentication, be sure to enter the username in a format that will be recognized by the server, including the domain if needed (ex. DOMAINuser).

User not authorized

Solution: If using Meraki authentication, ensure that the user has been authorized to connect to the VPN.

No certificate on AD server

Solution: If using Active Directory authentication with Client VPN, make sure the AD server has a valid certificate for TLS.

Incorrect DNS name resolution from the MX's upstream DNS server

Solution: If the MX is configured with an ISP DNS server, change this to a non-ISP public DNS server such as Google 8.8.8.8.

Alternatively, this message can be caused when a mismatch of preshared secrets between a RADIUS server and MX results in bad encryption of the password. Test this by changing the preshared secret in dashboard and for the RADIUS client on the server to something simple, such as 'Meraki.' If the error disappears, verify the secret used is correct on both devices and simplify the password if needed.

Windows Error 809

If this error appears, the Event Log won't have any relevant logs, as the traffic doesn't reach the MX's WAN interface.

Possible causes and solutions:

Client behind NAT devices

Solution: Modern Windows devices do not support L2TP/IPsec connections when the Windows computer or VPN server are located behind a NAT. If the Windows VPN client fails with Error 809 when trying to establish a VPN connection to an MX located behind a NAT, add the 'AssumeUDPEncapsulationContextOnSendRule' DWORD value to the Windows registry. This DWORD value allows Windows to establish security associations when both the VPN server and the Windows-based VPN client computer are behind NAT devices.

For Windows XP:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesIPSec

RegValue: AssumeUDPEncapsulationContextOnSendRule

Type: DWORD

Value data: 2
Base: Decimal

For Windows Vista, 7, 8, 10, and 2008 server:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesPolicyAgent

RegValue: AssumeUDPEncapsulationContextOnSendRule

Type: DWORD

Value data: 2
Base: Decimal

Note: that after creating this key you will need to reboot the machine. For more information, reference this Microsoft Support knowledge base article.

Note: Some third-party network programs can also cause Windows Error 809 to occur. SmartByte is one such program known to cause this issue. Disabling the program should resolve the issue and allow the VPN to connect.

Windows Error 720

If, when attempting to connect, the above message comes up, check the Windows Event Viewer for Error Code 720.

This most likely means that the client VPN subnet IP pool is exhausted. Check the Meraki dashboard Event Log for the event type VPN client address pool empty:

To address this, you will need a larger subnet size for client VPN users. For example, use 192.168.0.0/23 instead of 192.168.0.0/24. Note that one IP in the subnet is consumed for internal use by the MX security appliance, so a /24 subnet which provides 254 usable IP addresses will allow for 253 VPN clients to connect, assuming the MX model supports that many concurrent users. See the MX Sizing Principles guide for exact numbers.

SmartByte application
Another common issue with VPN connections from Windows devices is the SmartByte application. If it is installed, please try uninstalling it and reinitiating your VPN connection.

macOS

Not many client VPN connection issues are seen with macOS devices. If you do see this, try to connect on a different Mac device and OS version.

Mobile and IPv6

Mobile users usually have little or no trouble connecting. If you are having issues, double-check your configuration. Try resetting your network settings and reconfigure. See the Client VPN OS Configuration KB. If you are trying to connect over cellular, it could be an issue with your cellular provider. Try connecting via Wi-Fi.

Sometimes the event log will log the message, 'msg: unsupported ID type 5.' If the identification field value is 5 in the identification payload, this means the payload is carrying the ID type 'ID_IPV6_ADDR.' Meraki does not currently support ID type 5, so an error will appear for these ISAKMP messages. This message will appear for devices that do not have an IPv4 address assigned to them directly, and, as such, are reliant upon an IPv6 transition mechanism like NAT64 to reach the internet. Such devices will not be able to connect to our client VPN solution at this time.

Other possible issues and solutions

Firewall issue on client side: If UDP traffic on port 500 and 4500 is not reaching the MX, the chances are high that UDP traffic on those ports is being blocked by another firewall between the end client and the MX. You may have to check the firewall rules or access control lists between the client and MX. Try connecting from a client device using a different ISP.

Device issue: You could be running into an issue specific to the device. Try connecting with a different device to verify if it is a device-specific issue. Try resetting your network settings or reset the device if possible.
User account issue: If your account is not authorized to connect to VPN or your credentials are wrong, try resetting your password or connecting with a working set of credentials to further isolate the issue.

The MX is Not Receiving the Client VPN Connection Attempt

Look at the event log page, using the filter Event type include: All Non-Meraki/Client VPN. Unzip app for mac. Check whether the client's request is listed. If there is no connection attempt going through to the MX, it is possible that the internet connection that the end user is on may have blocked VPN. If this is the case, you may need to check the access control and firewall settings upstream of the client.

If the event log is not clear, take a packet capture on the MX using the WAN interface or client VPN interface. Check whether there is any traffic seen when the client attempts to connect.

Can Connect to VPN but Cannot Access Resources

If you are connected to the VPN but cannot access resources, a common cause is due to subnet overlap between the local client network and the network the resource is in. If the local network you are on has the same IP address as the network you are trying to get to, your request will never make it through the tunnel. To validate this, test with the full tunneling option to see if it makes a difference.

Additionally, end users may report that they are unable to map network shares over the client VPN tunnel. This could be potentially caused by a layer 7 firewall rule configured to block file sharing. Check the layer 7 firewall rules under Security appliance >Configure > Firewall > Layer 7.

Also, check any group policies that are applied to the target resource to ensure file sharing is not blocked in the group policy.

Accessing resources over the tunnel via IP vs. DNS

If you are unable to access resources via domain name (DNS), try accessing via IP. If you succeed in accessing via IP, it could be a DNS issue. Try to resolve the DNS host name and confirm if the public IP of the MX is being returned. If you are unable to resolve the DNS host name, check the local DNS settings.

Note: It is possible to apply group policies to clients connected via client VPN. If a resource isn't pingable or a particular application isn't working, it would be a good idea to check the client details page to see if any group policies have been applied. For more help on assigning or removing group policies applied to a client, refer to the Creating and Applying Group Policies document.

Note: that Microsoft's Windows firewall typically blocks communication from unknown private subnets by default.

Resolving NetBIOS names over client VPN

Windows hosts utilize NetBIOS-based name resolution to locate Windows file and print shares located on other Windows hosts. A NetBIOS name syntax appears as 'MYCOMPUTER' and is normally seen in UNC paths such as MYCOMPUTERmyfileshare.

NetBIOS name resolution is a layer 2 broadcast-based name discovery protocol. Layer 2 broadcasts do not traverse layer 3 boundaries such as the client VPN interface on an MX.

WINS is a service that provides centralized name resolution of NetBIOS hostnames. NetBIOS clients register their hostnames on the WINS server and other NetBIOS clients query the WINS server to resolve NetBIOS names.

To allow hosts that utilize NetBIOS names to find network resources over client VPN, specify the IP address of a WINS server in the client VPN configuration. This is done using the WINS setting on the Security & SD-WAN > Configure > Client VPN page.

In the screenshot below, the specified WINS server is 192.168.1.100:

Connection is slow

If you are connected but your connection is slow, first identify if your connection is slow to everything over the tunnel or just for specific internal resources. If your connection is slow to an application but fast to other resources via the tunnel, then it’s most likely not a VPN issue.

You can also run speed tests if traffic is fully tunneled. VPN speeds depend on a lot of factors, including bandwidth on the MX and client side, number of clients connected to MX, number of VPN tunnels on the MX, etc.

Sometimes a user's endpoint utilizing the client VPN connection may have connection issues to LAN endpoints that have dual NICs. Often, LAN endpoints have both a WAN and a LAN NIC. If these devices are unpingable from an endpoint connected via client VPN, check the routes on the LAN endpoints. In Windows, open the command prompt and type the command 'route print'. In macOS, open up the terminal and type the command 'netstat -nr'. Check that there are gateways set for the LAN routes and not just the WAN.

Max Sessions per User Account

For security purposes, we limit each user's account to five (5) simultaneous VPN connections to an MX. If you need to change this number, please contact Cisco Meraki Support.

Client VPN connection issues can be effectively troubleshot by using packet captures. In this section, best practices and expected behavior in terms of what can be seen in a packet capture will be discussed, and common troubleshooting steps are explained.

Negotiation Process

For any client VPN connection, expect to follow the above process. If the process breaks down at any point, there are some specific things to look for at each step. To start, take a WAN packet capture (on the primary WAN) and follow the guide below.

Understanding the WAN Packet Capture

Filter the WAN pcap for the client’s public IP and ISAKMP/ESP, if necessary. Look for the ISAKMP “Next payload” field, which identifies the negotiation step. Start at the first “Security Association” from the client.

Troubleshooting Tips

If no ISAMKP traffic from the client is seen:

Verify client is connecting to the primary MX WAN IP (VIP for warm spare)
Verify inbound UDP 500 traffic is not being blocked/dropped upstream
If the MX is behind a NAT, port forwarding may need to be configured on the upstream device for UDP ports 500 and 4500
Some OS-specific behaviors may prevent the client machine from generating any traffic. Try to rule this out by testing another device type (e.g. a different OS or smart phone)

ISAKMP Phase 1

1. Security Association

The initiator sends a Security Association and the responder sends a Security Association response.

2. Key Exchange

The initiator sends a Key Exchange and the responder sends a Key Exchange response. Microsoft office 365 free download for macbook air.

Troubleshooting Tips

Phase 1 uses UDP 500, phase 2 uses UDP 500 or UDP 4500 (NAT-T)
If the MX doesn’t respond to the client, verify:
- The destination IP and MAC addresses (or VIP for warm spare) are correct
- Port forwarding isn’t configured on the MX for port 500
- Client isn’t trying to connect from behind the same MX
- Client public IP doesn’t match any non-Meraki VPN peer IPs or another currently connected VPN client
- Any extra configuration options manually applied to the MX that would override default client VPN settings
If both sides are continually sending Security Association, this may indicate port 500 traffic isn’t being received at the client
If one side is continually sending Key Exchange, this may indicate one of the following problems:
- Incorrect preshared key
- Port 4500 traffic to initiate phase 2 is being dropped/filtered (not reaching the client)

ISAKMP Phase 2

3. Identification

The initiator sends an Identification, and the responder sends an Identification response.

4. Hash

Meraki Vpn Client Software

The initiator sends a Hash, and the responder sends a Hash response.

Troubleshooting Tips

Phase 2 uses UDP 4500 (NAT-T) or sometimes UDP 500
If both sides are continually sending phase 2 packets, this may indicate one of the following problems:
- Incorrect encryption/authentication settings
- Incorrect subnet definition (site-to-site only)
The client may need to verify their VPN settings. For additional information on specific OS configuration, please follow this article on Client VPN OS Configuration.
- Windows clients may need to install the registry fix as mentioned above.

ESP

If bidirectional ESP traffic is seen, the tunnel is up.

User authentication happens at this step
The WAN packet capture will no longer be helpful, since everything is encrypted past this point
Verify if the authentication is successful between the MX and the authentication server

Troubleshooting Tips

For Meraki Cloud authentication, verify:
- The MX WAN port can resolve meraki.com via DNS, and all required cloud connections are allowed on upstream equipment; for additional explanation of what Meraki requires for cloud communication, please reference the documentation on upstream rules for cloud connectivity
- The account is 'Authorized for client VPN' in dashboard and the password is correct

For RADIUS authentication, verify:
- RADIUS authentication packets sent between MX and server must result in ACCESS-ACCEPT for successful connection
- RADIUS server event log, which is explained in the RADIUS Issue Resolution Guide

For Active Directory authentication, verify:
- Active Directory packets sent between MX and server show a successful TLS connection
- Active Directory server event log

Meraki Vpn Client Install

For all authentication types:
- If no authentication logs or packets are seen, the client may not be sending credentials
  - The client may need to verify their VPN settings
  - If the problem exists for only one client, troubleshooting may be required at the client machine (e.g. reboot, check for conflicting software)
- If authentication is successful but client still fails to connect, ensure the IP pool for the client VPN subnet is not exhausted